Pompeii - Archaeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy

Pompeii is arguably the most famous archaeological site in the world. There has never been a site as well preserved, as evocative, or as memorable as that of Pompeii, the luxurious resort for the Roman Empire, which was buried along with its sister cities of Stabiae and Herculaneum under the ash and lava erupted from Mount Vesuvius during the fall of 79 AD. Pompeii is located in the area of Italy known, then as now, as Campania. The vicinity of Pompeii was first occupied during the Middle Neolithic, and by the 6th century BC, it came under the rule of the Etruscans. The citys origins and the original name are unknown, nor are we clear on the sequence of settlers there, but it seems clear that Etruscans, Greeks, Oscans, and Samnites competed to occupy the land prior to the Roman conquest. The Roman occupation began in the 4th century BC, and the town reached its heyday when the Romans turned it into a seaside resort, beginning 81 BC. Pompeii as a Thriving Community At the time of its destruction, Pompeii was a thriving commercial port at the mouth of the Sarno River in southwestern Italy, on the southern flank of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeiis known buildings--and there are many that were preserved under the mud and ashfall--include a Roman basilica, built ca 130-120 BC, and an amphitheater built circa 80 BC. The forum contained several temples; the streets included hotels, food vendors and other eating places, a purpose-built lupanar, and other brothels, and gardens within the city walls. But probably of most fascination  to us today are the look into private homes, and the eerie negative images of human bodies caught in the eruption: the utter humanness of the tragedy seen at Pompeii. Dating the Eruption and an Eyewitness Romans watched the spectacular eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, many from a safe distance, but one early naturalist named Pliny (the Elder) watched while he helped evacuate refugees on the Roman warships under his charge. Pliny was killed during the eruption, but his nephew (called  Pliny the Younger), watching the eruption from Misenum about 30 kilometers (18 miles) away, survived and wrote about the events in letters that form the basis of our eye-witness knowledge about it. The traditional date of the eruption is August 24th, supposed to have been the date reported in Pliny the Youngers letters, but as early as 1797, the archaeologist Carlo Maria Rosini questioned the date on the basis of the remains of fall fruits he found preserved at the site, such as chestnuts, pomegranates, figs, raisins, and pine cones. A recent study of the distribution of the wind-blown ash at Pompeii (Rolandi and colleagues) also supports a fall date: the patterns shows that prevailing winds blew from a direction most prevalent in the fall. Further, a silver coin found with a victim in Pompeii was struck after September 8th, AD 79. If only Plinys manuscript had survived! Unfortunately, we only have copies. Its possible that a scribal error crept in regarding the date: compiling all the data together, Rolandi and colleagues (2008) propose a date of October 24th for the eruption of the volcano. Archaeology The excavations at Pompeii are an important watershed in the history of archaeology, as it was among the earliest of archaeological excavations, tunneled into by the  Bourbon rulers of Naples and Palermo beginning in the fall of 1738. The Bourbons undertook full-scale excavations in 1748--much to the belated distress of modern archaeologists who would have preferred they wait until better techniques were available. Of the many archaeologists associated with Pompeii and Herculaneum are pioneers of the field Karl Weber, Johann-Joachim Winckelmann, and Guiseppe Fiorelli; a team was sent to Pompeii by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had a  fascination with archaeology and was responsible for the  Rosetta stone  ending up in the British Museum.   Modern research at the site and others affected by the 79 Vesuvian eruption was conducted by the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii, led by Rick Jones at the University of Bradford, with colleagues at Stanford and the University of Oxford. Several field schools were conducted at Pompeii between 1995 and 2006, mostly targeting the section known as Regio VI. Many more sections of the city remain unexcavated, left for future scholars with improved techniques. Pottery at Pompeii Pottery was always an important element of Roman society and it has figured in many of the modern studies of Pompeii. According to recent research (Peà ±a and McCallum 2009), thin-walled pottery tableware and lamps were manufactured elsewhere and brought into the city to sell. Amphorae were used to pack goods such as garum and wine and they too were brought in to Pompeii. That makes Pompeii somewhat anomalous among Roman cities, in that the largest portion of their pottery was produced outside its city walls. A ceramics works called the Via Lepanto was located just outside the walls on the Nuceria-Pompeii road. Grifa and colleagues (2013) report that the workshop was rebuilt after the AD 79 eruption, and continued to produce red-painted and burnished tablewares up until the Vesuvius eruption of 472. The red-slipped tableware called terra sigillata was found in numerous locations in and around Pompeii and using petrographic and elemental trace analysis of 1,089 sherds, McKenzie-Clark (2011) concluded that all but 23 were manufactured in Italy, accounting for 97% of the total investigated. Scarpelli et al. (2014) found that black slips on Vesuvian pottery were made of ferrous materials, consisting of one or more of magnetite, hercynite and/or hematite. Since the closure of the excavations at Pompeii in 2006, researchers have been busy publishing their results. Here are a few of the most recent ones, but there are many others: In Benefiels (2010) study of graffiti on the walls of the House of Maius Castricius is documented several pieces of incised romantic graffiti in different areas of the house. A conversation of 11 graffiti inscribed in a stairwell appears to be a literary and romantic conversation between two individuals. Most of the lines are original romantic poetry or plays on known texts, arranged vertically in two columns. Benefiel says the Latin lines hint at a kind of one-up-man-ship between two or more people.Piovesan and colleagues studied paints and pigments at Pompeiis Temple of Venus, identifying a range of mural colors made from the natural earth, minerals, and a few rare artificial pigments--black, yellow, red and brown ochre, cinnabar, Egyptian blue, green earth (mostly celadonite or glauconite) and white calcite.Cova (2015) reports on the alae--architectural wings--in many houses in the section of Pompeii known as Regio VI, and how the size and shape of the alae may reflect socioeconom ic changes in the Late Republic/Early Empire period. Miiello et al (2010) investigated construction phases in Regio VI by the variations of mortar.Astrid Lundgren at the University of Oslo published her dissertation on Pompeii in 2014, focusing on male sexuality and prostitution; Severy-Hoven is another scholar investigating the incredible wealth of erotica discovered at Pompeii.Murphy et al. (2013) looked at middens (garbage dumps) and was able to identify evidence that the waste is primarily kitchen food preparation of olives, grapes, figs, cereals, and pulses. However, they found little evidence for crop-processing, suggesting that the food was processed outside of the city before being brought to market. Sources This article is part of the About.com Dictionary of Archaeology: Ball LF, and Dobbins JJ. 2013. Pompeii Forum Project: Current Thinking on the Pompeii Forum. American Journal of Archaeology 117(3):461-492.Benefiel RR. 2010. Dialogues of Ancient Graffiti in the House of Maius Castricius in Pompeii. American Journal of Archaeology 114(1):59-101.Cova E. 2015. Stasis and Change in Roman Domestic Space: The Alae of Pompeiis Regio VI. American Journal of Archaeology 119(1):69-102.Grifa C, De Bonis A, Langella A, Mercurio M, Soricelli G, and Morra V. 2013. A Late Roman ceramic production from Pompeii. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):810-826.Lundgren AK. 2014. The Pastime of Venus: An archaeological investigation of male sexuality and protitution in Pompeii. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo.McKenzie-Clark J. 2012. The supply of Campanian-made sigillata to the city of Pompeii. Archaeometry 54(5):796-820.Miriello D, Barca D, Bloise A, Ciarallo A, Crisci GM, De Rose T, Gattuso C, Gazineo F, and La Russa MF. 2010. Characterisation of archaeological mo rtars from Pompeii (Campania, Italy) and identification of construction phases by compositional data analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2207-2223.Murphy C, Thompson G, and Fuller D. 2013. Roman food refuse: urban archaeobotany in Pompeii, Regio VI, Insula 1. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22(5):409-419.Peà ±a JT, and McCallum M. 2009. The Production and Distribution of Pottery at Pompeii: A Review of the Evidence; Part 2, The Material Basis for Production and Distribution. American Journal of Archaeology 113(2):165-201.Piovesan R, Siddall R, Mazzoli C, and Nodari L. 2011. The Temple of Venus (Pompeii): a study of the pigments and painting techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(10):2633-2643.Rolandi G, Paone A, Di Lascio M, and Stefani G. 2008. The 79 AD eruption of Somma: The relationship between the date of the eruption and the southeast tephra dispersion. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 169(1–2):87-98.Scarpelli R, Clark RJH, an d De Francesco AM. 2014. Archaeometric study of black-coated pottery from Pompeii by different analytical techniques. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 120(0):60-66.Senatore MR, Ciarallo A, and Stanley J-D. 2014. Pompeii Damaged by Volcaniclastic Debris Flows Triggered Centuries Prior to the 79 A.D. Vesuvius Eruption. Geoarchaeology 29(1):1-15.Severy-Hoven B. 2012. Master Narratives and the Wall Painting of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii. Gender History 24(3):540-580.Sheldon N. 2014. Dating the 79AD Eruption of Vesuvius: Is 24th August Really the Date? Decoded Past: Accessed 30 July 2016.

The Nightmare Of The American Dream - 1538 Words

The Nightmare of the American Dream. Introduction The future of work is a topic that many people don’t take the time to actually analyze and question as to what it will be like when the future actually comes. The films Wage Crisis by Michael Maher; Park Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream: Why Poverty? by Alex Gibney; and The Secret of Oz by Ben Still, are some of the films that highlight the future of work and the how the wages and the economy are really affecting those who are looking for work and trying to work towards a common goal of achieving the American Dream. Throughout this review, these films will be compared to the content that have been covered in the Future of Work class and discussed further in terms of how they can affect the economy for virtually the worst. Wage Crisis The documentary Wage Crisis, produced by Michael Maher (2013), is a film about the falling of wages across the United States of America with emphasis on the wages and living conditions in and around New Jersey. Throughout the film, it is shown that New Jersey is said to be â€Å"the third richest state in the richest country in the world, yet it’s [still] possible to work full-time here and live in poverty† (Maher, 2013, 1:56). This is shown through following the lives of various habitants living in New Jersey and other parts of the United States trying to make a living. One American in which they follow is a woman by the name of Natasha Vukelic. Vukelic â€Å"graduated with top grades from aShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream : An Unfortunate Nightmare1235 Words   |  5 Pages The American Dream: An unfortunate Nightmare Institutionalized racism: the big elephant in the room. 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Oppositional Defiant Disorder Free Essays

Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Case Study and Research Samaritan L. Carlo Suffolk County Community College SYS 213, Exceptional Child Able Keller is an English-speaking and physically healthy four-year-old boy. He lives with his mother and eighteen-year-old sister, and attends preschool during the week. We will write a custom essay sample on Oppositional Defiant Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now Babel’s mother works seven days a week and he is supervised on the weekends by a nanny. His current nanny began working for the family fairly recently; the two nannies prior to her both worked for less than two months before quitting. Babel’s parents have been divorced for two years. His mother is his primary care-giver and is father sees him infrequently. Lately, Babel’s mother and preschool teacher have been unable to cope with his disruptive and distressing behaviors. Babel’s teacher estimates that his disruptive behaviors began at the beginning of the school year, which was approximately eight months ago; his mother says that the behaviors began roughly one year ago and have been increasing in severity and frequency since then. Babel’s sister has also voiced concerns regarding her brother’s spiteful actions towards her due to the strain his recent behaviors have put on their relationship (PAP, 2013). Babel’s mother reports that Able cannot go more than two days without becoming extremely irritated with necessary daily tasks. Once, Babel’s mother requested that he go wash his hands before dinner. Able became irrationally frustrated, blatantly refused to wash his hands, and began lashing out in a manner which she describes as â€Å"one of his tantrums. Babel’s mother also describes an instance in which their last nanny was on the receiving end of Babel’s disruptive behavior. The nanny took away Babel’s toy at his refusal to brush his teeth and get ready for bed, and later found her toothbrush in the toilet boil. After further acts of blatant defiance by Able, the nanny resigned and Babel’s mother was forced to find a new nanny. Able exhibited a similar behavior towards his sister when she asked him if he could grab her a pencil for her homework. Able was instantly irritated at this request and yelled â€Å"Don’t tell me what to do! He then proceeded to rip up her homework and run to his room. According to his mother, destruction of property in such an aggressive manner has been very infrequent in Babel’s behavior. However, his spitefulness resulted in the loss of a nanny and his sister’s increasing emotional sisters that her â€Å"sweet baby brother† has taken on such a resentful attitude towards her (PAP, 2013). Babel’s preschool teacher told his mother that his behavior will no longer be tolerated and recommended that he be assessed. His teacher explains his behaviors in class as â€Å"defiant and disruptive. Almost daily, he actively ignores class rules, such as not talking during reading time, and becomes even more defiant when his violations are addressed by the teacher. His teacher has pa used class multiple times to stop him from distracting either the whole class or individual students. She ports that the most troublesome aspects of Babel’s behavior are the frequency of the disruptions and his responses to being reprimanded. Once, when a classmate went to the teacher after Able ignored her plea that he stop poking her arm, Able became outwardly more motivated to continue poking her relentlessly. When his teacher explained why his behavior is unacceptable, Able accused the classmate that he had been poking of initiating the incident and provoking him by being â€Å"annoying. † Babel’s teacher reports that he has yet to accept blame or responsibility for any of his misdoings and that he is often ostracizes by his peers. Classmates have called him â€Å"annoying† and † a tattle-tale. † Teachers discourage this taunting behavior, but the discrimination has led to further emotional distress within Able which has been exhibited by more frequent moods of frustration and irritability at home (PAP, 2013). Babel’s behavior has been extremely distressing at home and in school over a duration of at least eight months, but has not presented a problem elsewhere thus far. His teacher has felt stress due to her inability to get him to obey rules, a lack of time to address his disruptions, and phone calls from parents whose children claim to have en harassed in some way by Able. His sister has become distraught over his behavior and his mother has been put under enormous pressure to maintain a trustworthy and reliable nanny. Due to the duration of his irritable, defiant, and occasionally vindictive behaviors, which have occurred at home and at school, have had negative consequences in his academic, social, and emotional functioning, and have caused distress for several people in his life, Able has been diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder of a moderate severity. Babel’s defiant, argumentative, ND vindictive symptoms put him at risk for developing Conduct Disorder, and his increasing emotional distress due to peer issues at school increases his risk of developing an emotional disorder (PAP, 2013). Recent research of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by the emergence of two themes: developmental precursors to the disorder and the dimension of irritability. The study of precursors to ODD are discussed by Tinfoil and Malta (2013) in their research study which examines the relations between interpretative understanding, moral emotional attribution, and sympathy with the ability to predict ODD symptoms. Burke, Babylon, Rowe, Duke, Steep, Hippies, and Walden (2014) discuss varying dimensionality models of ODD, the identification of irritability by certain symptoms, and the implications of the results for further research on ODD. Tinfoil and Malta (2013) suggest that the limited success of current ODD treatments may be attributed to the lack of empirical research on the disorder’s developmental antecedents. Their research responds to this insufficiency by assessing supposed key components in the genesis of antisocial behaviors: social-cognitive development and moral emotions (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The study analyzes a sample of 128 four- and eight-year-old children with ODD and investigates the links between the symptoms of ODD and interpretative understanding, or theory of mind skills, in children (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The research of Tinfoil and Malta (2013) also analyzes ODD symptoms in relation to sympathy and moral emotion attribution (MEA), and examines the mediating role that each of these may have on each others’ development. The participants of the study include 128 English-speaking children and one caregiver each parent assessments (Tinfoil Malta, 2013). The only exclusion criterion is a hill with autism spectrum disorder, and the ethnicities of the participants vary (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). Symptoms of ODD in the children are rated by caregivers using ADSM-oriented scales, interpretive understanding ratings are obtained by professionals using the Landed and Chandler’s puppet activity, sympathy is measured by caregiver and child self-reports, and MEA is evaluated using each child’s negative or positive responses to the presentation of hypothetical vignettes of varying lapses in morality (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The procedure of the research study involved each child and their caregiver attending one session at the research ABA, the parent providing written consent and the child providing oral agreement, and the child being interviewed for a duration of approximately forty-five minutes by psychology undergraduate students (Tinfoil Malta, 2013). The caregiver for each child filled out the symptom questionnaires outside of the interview room during the process (Tinfoil Malta, 2013). Tinfoil and Malta (2013) find that interpretive understanding, sympathy, and MEA all influence ODD symptoms. Ratings of child sympathy by the caregivers play a mediating role on the effect of interpretive understanding on ODD symptoms, and MEA strength significantly influences interpretative understanding in the domain of rule violation (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The research of Tinfoil and Malta (2013) indicates the necessity of further research on social-cognitive and affective-moral factors that could potentially precede ODD and help with early prediction, and highlights a possible origin of the rule-violating behavior so prevalent in Babel’s case as a deficit in MEA. Recent research on ODD also focuses on the importance of irritability and on reaching a consensus regarding which symptoms best identify irritability (Burke et al. , 2014). Burke et al. (2014) introduces the study by explaining how existing data purports that symptoms of ODD represent a unidirectional assembly and are distinct from those of other disorders. Recently, studies have found conflicting evidence regarding the dimensions ODD symptoms are categorized by, which questions the reliability of assessment using the existing ODD model (Burke et al. 2014). Also, inconsistencies exist concerning which symptoms of ODD comprise which dimensions (Burke et al. , 2014). Burke et al. (2014) suggests that a factor model of the disorder may help solve these conflicts surrounding the concept of diagnostic irritability. The study tests single and multi- dimensional models of ODD including factor and competing models, analyzes various elements of measurement within symptoms, and aims to identif y the extent to which specific dimensions relate to each other and general ODD symptoms (Burke et al. 2014). The study also attempts to determine if there is a distinguishing dimension of irritability within ODD, if one model of ODD is superior to all other models, and if there is an additional general dimension of ODD (Burke et al. , 2014). ODD symptom data of five community samples of five- to eighteen-year-old boys and arils is evaluated by Burke et. Al (2014) using assorted measurement scales and care- giver reports. Methods of assessing symptom presence, frequency, and severity are the Revised Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Parent Version, Child Symptom Inventory-4, Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Scale, Developmental and Well-Being Assessment, and Emory Diagnostic Rating Scale (Burke et al. , 2014). The data is analyzed using five models of ODD dimensionality and two models of irritability, which identify irritability as either touchy, angry, and spiteful, or touchy, angry, and frequent loss of temper (Burke et al. 2014). Burke el al. (2014) concludes that the best model for symptoms of ODD is a general factor model in which irritability and oppositional behavior factors exist alongside a general ODD factor, and in which irritability and oppositional behaviors significantly correlate with each other (Burke et al. , 2014). This model is consistently better across multiple samples and is made up of eight general ODD items, each correlated with either an irritability or an opposi tional behavioral dimension (Burke et. Al, 2014). The irritability mission includes temper, touchiness, and anger; the oppositional behavior dimension includes argumentativeness, defiance, annoyance, balefulness, and spitefulness (Burke et. Al, 2014). Burke et. Al (2014) also finds that irritability is most accurately characterized by touchiness, anger, and temper loss. The implications of the results are the emergence of strong evidence for a multidimensionality within ODD, and support for an identification of irritability characterized by loss of temper, touchiness, and anger (Burke et al. , 2014). Although the research is unable to answer attention questions regarding the existence of a third dimension, the initial questions are addressed concerning the underlying structure of symptom dimensions and provide evidence for a superior set of characteristics of irritability (Burke et al. , 2014). Lastly, Burke et al. (2014) addresses that possible limitations in the study were due to the variability of the questionnaires, the variability of the scaling systems, and the different research structure for boys and girls in the samples. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Section II: Disruptive, impulse-control, and induct disorders. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th De. ). New York: PAP Press. Burke, J. D. , Babylon, K. , Rowe, R. , Duke, E. , Steep, S. D. , Hippies, A. E. , Walden, l. D. (2014). Identifying the irritability dimension of ODD: Application of a modified factor model across five large community samples of children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1-11. Tinfoil, M. Malt’, T. (2013). Interpretive understanding, sympathy, and moral emotion attribution in oppositional defiant disorder symptomatically. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 44, 633-645. How to cite Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Papers

Domestic Violence Among Abused Women in Australia-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDomestic Violence Among Abused Women in Australia. Answer: Introduction The domestic violence is a major health issue in the Australian population. The family and domestic violence occur across socioeconomic and demographic groups and in all ages however it mainly affects the children and women. The women at high risk of experiencing domestic violence include the young, pregnant and indigenous women. Furthermore, the women with disabilities or those experiencing financial hardships are at most risk. This study is therefore conducted to with the aim of highlighting various viewpoints of women experiencing domestic violence in their abusive relationship. Literature The domestic violence refers to violence that takes place between two people in intimate relationship in a domestic setting. The violence against women is on rise in Australia and has huge economic and social impacts to both individual and the society (Mears, 2003). The encouraging part is that the social problem can be prevented. However, in order to institute efficient measures to prevent violence against women, there is need to understand the social problem. There is numerous gender based violence that cause sexual, psychological and physical harm to women. The violence against women has profound effect on their health and contribute to deaths, illness and disabilities in women (Garcia-Moreno Watts, 2011). It is also reported that domestic violence against women is one of the largest contributing factor homelessness for women around the world (Sokoloff Dupont, 2005). The combined cost associated with violence against women in Australia is more than $21 billion a year (Cobiac et al., 2009). The children who see their mother experience violence are likely to be harmed. The behavioral, social and emotional development of the child is negatively affected. The report by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) further indicate that women are likely to experience more violence in previous partner compared to current partner. It has been suggested that broader attitudes towards women need to be changed in order to address this social problem. The stigma associated with issue prevent women from reporting to relevant authorities. ABS statistics further indicate that women preferred reporting violence only after separation. 92% of women in relationship were experiencing violence (Loxton, Schofield Hussain, 2006). The violence against women is on rise in Australia. Very few cases are reported in the media yet the problem continues in the families thus little attention has been given to the issue by the general public. The recent reports indicate that women have the highest violence by partner (17%) compared to males (6%) (Loxton, Schofield Hussain, 2006). In 2016 alone, over 1.6 million women reported domestic violence. The domestic violence is therefore a major issue that need to be addressed in conjunction with other cases such as child abuse and rape. Though there have been many measures put in place to combat the issue, surprisingly domestic violence directed against women still remain high among other social problems (Hegarty, Hindmarsh Gilles, 2000). There are Acts put in place, however there is need to investigate loopholes in the legal system that has resulted in failure of the Act to protect the victims. Though domestic violence has been reported as main social problem, there is luc k of studies indicating efficacy of approaches put in place to fight violence. Furthermore, the causes and consequences of domestic violence against women in Australian context is still under-researched. Research questions How does the domestic violence impact the life of the abused women? This question will help in exploring various consequences of domestic violence in Australia that is experienced by abused women. This question will further help in assessing the influence of culture and religion in womens perception of abuse. The impacts of domestic violence of womens emotional being in relation to social, psychological and physical dimension will be answered by this question. What barriers prevent women from disclosing abuse and seeking help outside? The domestic violence against women are largely under-reported in Australia. This question will reveal underlying reasons why women prefer not to report abuse they have experienced. Previous studies conducted in Africa indicated that victims hide the problem in order to avoid shame and the belief in privacy of the family (Kim et al., 2007) What are the needs of abused women in order to provide support? This will help in identifying needs and support to be offered by social service providers thus help in informing better serve the abused women in future. Methodological framework This study will adopt explorative and descriptive approach. Explorative study is believed to be best when dealing with issued whose information is little known (Auramo, Kauremaa Tanskanen, 2005). This is in view that that domestic violence against women in Australia is under-researched. The explorative approach using qualitative research methodology will therefore suit the current study. The qualitative approach that is adopted for this research is the use of semi-structured interview with the victims. Methods Due to sensitivity of the matter, the participant will be recruited through non-probability sampling technique where purposive sample type will be employed. This would be achieved by approaching the organizations that work with the abused women. The ethical approval will be obtained from the university and the government agency. After ethical approval 20 respondent will be identified and qualitative interview conducted with respondents for 30 minutes each. The face-t-face interviews confined to themes of study will helped in understanding experiences of abused women. The qualitative analysis will be adopted where thematic approach will be used to describe impact of violence on women, barriers to reporting the issue and needs and support for helping abused women. References Auramo, J., Kauremaa, J., Tanskanen, K. (2005). Benefits of IT in supply chain management: an explorative study of progressive companies.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,35(2), 82-100. Cobiac, L., Vos, T., Doran, C., Wallace, A. (2009). Cost?effectiveness of interventions to prevent alcohol?related disease and injury in Australia.Addiction,104(10), 1646-1655. Garcia-Moreno, C., Watts, C. (2011). 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