Pompeii - Archaeology of the Famous Roman Tragedy

Pompeii is arguably the most famous archaeological site in the world. There has never been a site as well preserved, as evocative, or as memorable as that of Pompeii, the luxurious resort for the Roman Empire, which was buried along with its sister cities of Stabiae and Herculaneum under the ash and lava erupted from Mount Vesuvius during the fall of 79 AD. Pompeii is located in the area of Italy known, then as now, as Campania. The vicinity of Pompeii was first occupied during the Middle Neolithic, and by the 6th century BC, it came under the rule of the Etruscans. The citys origins and the original name are unknown, nor are we clear on the sequence of settlers there, but it seems clear that Etruscans, Greeks, Oscans, and Samnites competed to occupy the land prior to the Roman conquest. The Roman occupation began in the 4th century BC, and the town reached its heyday when the Romans turned it into a seaside resort, beginning 81 BC. Pompeii as a Thriving Community At the time of its destruction, Pompeii was a thriving commercial port at the mouth of the Sarno River in southwestern Italy, on the southern flank of Mount Vesuvius. Pompeiis known buildings--and there are many that were preserved under the mud and ashfall--include a Roman basilica, built ca 130-120 BC, and an amphitheater built circa 80 BC. The forum contained several temples; the streets included hotels, food vendors and other eating places, a purpose-built lupanar, and other brothels, and gardens within the city walls. But probably of most fascination  to us today are the look into private homes, and the eerie negative images of human bodies caught in the eruption: the utter humanness of the tragedy seen at Pompeii. Dating the Eruption and an Eyewitness Romans watched the spectacular eruption of Mt. Vesuvius, many from a safe distance, but one early naturalist named Pliny (the Elder) watched while he helped evacuate refugees on the Roman warships under his charge. Pliny was killed during the eruption, but his nephew (called  Pliny the Younger), watching the eruption from Misenum about 30 kilometers (18 miles) away, survived and wrote about the events in letters that form the basis of our eye-witness knowledge about it. The traditional date of the eruption is August 24th, supposed to have been the date reported in Pliny the Youngers letters, but as early as 1797, the archaeologist Carlo Maria Rosini questioned the date on the basis of the remains of fall fruits he found preserved at the site, such as chestnuts, pomegranates, figs, raisins, and pine cones. A recent study of the distribution of the wind-blown ash at Pompeii (Rolandi and colleagues) also supports a fall date: the patterns shows that prevailing winds blew from a direction most prevalent in the fall. Further, a silver coin found with a victim in Pompeii was struck after September 8th, AD 79. If only Plinys manuscript had survived! Unfortunately, we only have copies. Its possible that a scribal error crept in regarding the date: compiling all the data together, Rolandi and colleagues (2008) propose a date of October 24th for the eruption of the volcano. Archaeology The excavations at Pompeii are an important watershed in the history of archaeology, as it was among the earliest of archaeological excavations, tunneled into by the  Bourbon rulers of Naples and Palermo beginning in the fall of 1738. The Bourbons undertook full-scale excavations in 1748--much to the belated distress of modern archaeologists who would have preferred they wait until better techniques were available. Of the many archaeologists associated with Pompeii and Herculaneum are pioneers of the field Karl Weber, Johann-Joachim Winckelmann, and Guiseppe Fiorelli; a team was sent to Pompeii by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, who had a  fascination with archaeology and was responsible for the  Rosetta stone  ending up in the British Museum.   Modern research at the site and others affected by the 79 Vesuvian eruption was conducted by the Anglo-American Project in Pompeii, led by Rick Jones at the University of Bradford, with colleagues at Stanford and the University of Oxford. Several field schools were conducted at Pompeii between 1995 and 2006, mostly targeting the section known as Regio VI. Many more sections of the city remain unexcavated, left for future scholars with improved techniques. Pottery at Pompeii Pottery was always an important element of Roman society and it has figured in many of the modern studies of Pompeii. According to recent research (Peà ±a and McCallum 2009), thin-walled pottery tableware and lamps were manufactured elsewhere and brought into the city to sell. Amphorae were used to pack goods such as garum and wine and they too were brought in to Pompeii. That makes Pompeii somewhat anomalous among Roman cities, in that the largest portion of their pottery was produced outside its city walls. A ceramics works called the Via Lepanto was located just outside the walls on the Nuceria-Pompeii road. Grifa and colleagues (2013) report that the workshop was rebuilt after the AD 79 eruption, and continued to produce red-painted and burnished tablewares up until the Vesuvius eruption of 472. The red-slipped tableware called terra sigillata was found in numerous locations in and around Pompeii and using petrographic and elemental trace analysis of 1,089 sherds, McKenzie-Clark (2011) concluded that all but 23 were manufactured in Italy, accounting for 97% of the total investigated. Scarpelli et al. (2014) found that black slips on Vesuvian pottery were made of ferrous materials, consisting of one or more of magnetite, hercynite and/or hematite. Since the closure of the excavations at Pompeii in 2006, researchers have been busy publishing their results. Here are a few of the most recent ones, but there are many others: In Benefiels (2010) study of graffiti on the walls of the House of Maius Castricius is documented several pieces of incised romantic graffiti in different areas of the house. A conversation of 11 graffiti inscribed in a stairwell appears to be a literary and romantic conversation between two individuals. Most of the lines are original romantic poetry or plays on known texts, arranged vertically in two columns. Benefiel says the Latin lines hint at a kind of one-up-man-ship between two or more people.Piovesan and colleagues studied paints and pigments at Pompeiis Temple of Venus, identifying a range of mural colors made from the natural earth, minerals, and a few rare artificial pigments--black, yellow, red and brown ochre, cinnabar, Egyptian blue, green earth (mostly celadonite or glauconite) and white calcite.Cova (2015) reports on the alae--architectural wings--in many houses in the section of Pompeii known as Regio VI, and how the size and shape of the alae may reflect socioeconom ic changes in the Late Republic/Early Empire period. Miiello et al (2010) investigated construction phases in Regio VI by the variations of mortar.Astrid Lundgren at the University of Oslo published her dissertation on Pompeii in 2014, focusing on male sexuality and prostitution; Severy-Hoven is another scholar investigating the incredible wealth of erotica discovered at Pompeii.Murphy et al. (2013) looked at middens (garbage dumps) and was able to identify evidence that the waste is primarily kitchen food preparation of olives, grapes, figs, cereals, and pulses. However, they found little evidence for crop-processing, suggesting that the food was processed outside of the city before being brought to market. Sources This article is part of the About.com Dictionary of Archaeology: Ball LF, and Dobbins JJ. 2013. Pompeii Forum Project: Current Thinking on the Pompeii Forum. American Journal of Archaeology 117(3):461-492.Benefiel RR. 2010. Dialogues of Ancient Graffiti in the House of Maius Castricius in Pompeii. American Journal of Archaeology 114(1):59-101.Cova E. 2015. Stasis and Change in Roman Domestic Space: The Alae of Pompeiis Regio VI. American Journal of Archaeology 119(1):69-102.Grifa C, De Bonis A, Langella A, Mercurio M, Soricelli G, and Morra V. 2013. A Late Roman ceramic production from Pompeii. Journal of Archaeological Science 40(2):810-826.Lundgren AK. 2014. The Pastime of Venus: An archaeological investigation of male sexuality and protitution in Pompeii. Oslo, Norway: University of Oslo.McKenzie-Clark J. 2012. The supply of Campanian-made sigillata to the city of Pompeii. Archaeometry 54(5):796-820.Miriello D, Barca D, Bloise A, Ciarallo A, Crisci GM, De Rose T, Gattuso C, Gazineo F, and La Russa MF. 2010. Characterisation of archaeological mo rtars from Pompeii (Campania, Italy) and identification of construction phases by compositional data analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 37(9):2207-2223.Murphy C, Thompson G, and Fuller D. 2013. Roman food refuse: urban archaeobotany in Pompeii, Regio VI, Insula 1. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 22(5):409-419.Peà ±a JT, and McCallum M. 2009. The Production and Distribution of Pottery at Pompeii: A Review of the Evidence; Part 2, The Material Basis for Production and Distribution. American Journal of Archaeology 113(2):165-201.Piovesan R, Siddall R, Mazzoli C, and Nodari L. 2011. The Temple of Venus (Pompeii): a study of the pigments and painting techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(10):2633-2643.Rolandi G, Paone A, Di Lascio M, and Stefani G. 2008. The 79 AD eruption of Somma: The relationship between the date of the eruption and the southeast tephra dispersion. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 169(1–2):87-98.Scarpelli R, Clark RJH, an d De Francesco AM. 2014. Archaeometric study of black-coated pottery from Pompeii by different analytical techniques. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 120(0):60-66.Senatore MR, Ciarallo A, and Stanley J-D. 2014. Pompeii Damaged by Volcaniclastic Debris Flows Triggered Centuries Prior to the 79 A.D. Vesuvius Eruption. Geoarchaeology 29(1):1-15.Severy-Hoven B. 2012. Master Narratives and the Wall Painting of the House of the Vettii, Pompeii. Gender History 24(3):540-580.Sheldon N. 2014. Dating the 79AD Eruption of Vesuvius: Is 24th August Really the Date? Decoded Past: Accessed 30 July 2016.

The Nightmare Of The American Dream - 1538 Words

The Nightmare of the American Dream. Introduction The future of work is a topic that many people don’t take the time to actually analyze and question as to what it will be like when the future actually comes. The films Wage Crisis by Michael Maher; Park Avenue: Money, Power and the American Dream: Why Poverty? by Alex Gibney; and The Secret of Oz by Ben Still, are some of the films that highlight the future of work and the how the wages and the economy are really affecting those who are looking for work and trying to work towards a common goal of achieving the American Dream. Throughout this review, these films will be compared to the content that have been covered in the Future of Work class and discussed further in terms of how they can affect the economy for virtually the worst. Wage Crisis The documentary Wage Crisis, produced by Michael Maher (2013), is a film about the falling of wages across the United States of America with emphasis on the wages and living conditions in and around New Jersey. Throughout the film, it is shown that New Jersey is said to be â€Å"the third richest state in the richest country in the world, yet it’s [still] possible to work full-time here and live in poverty† (Maher, 2013, 1:56). This is shown through following the lives of various habitants living in New Jersey and other parts of the United States trying to make a living. One American in which they follow is a woman by the name of Natasha Vukelic. Vukelic â€Å"graduated with top grades from aShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream : An Unfortunate Nightmare1235 Words   |  5 Pages The American Dream: An unfortunate Nightmare Institutionalized racism: the big elephant in the room. 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Oppositional Defiant Disorder Free Essays

Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Case Study and Research Samaritan L. Carlo Suffolk County Community College SYS 213, Exceptional Child Able Keller is an English-speaking and physically healthy four-year-old boy. He lives with his mother and eighteen-year-old sister, and attends preschool during the week. We will write a custom essay sample on Oppositional Defiant Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now Babel’s mother works seven days a week and he is supervised on the weekends by a nanny. His current nanny began working for the family fairly recently; the two nannies prior to her both worked for less than two months before quitting. Babel’s parents have been divorced for two years. His mother is his primary care-giver and is father sees him infrequently. Lately, Babel’s mother and preschool teacher have been unable to cope with his disruptive and distressing behaviors. Babel’s teacher estimates that his disruptive behaviors began at the beginning of the school year, which was approximately eight months ago; his mother says that the behaviors began roughly one year ago and have been increasing in severity and frequency since then. Babel’s sister has also voiced concerns regarding her brother’s spiteful actions towards her due to the strain his recent behaviors have put on their relationship (PAP, 2013). Babel’s mother reports that Able cannot go more than two days without becoming extremely irritated with necessary daily tasks. Once, Babel’s mother requested that he go wash his hands before dinner. Able became irrationally frustrated, blatantly refused to wash his hands, and began lashing out in a manner which she describes as â€Å"one of his tantrums. Babel’s mother also describes an instance in which their last nanny was on the receiving end of Babel’s disruptive behavior. The nanny took away Babel’s toy at his refusal to brush his teeth and get ready for bed, and later found her toothbrush in the toilet boil. After further acts of blatant defiance by Able, the nanny resigned and Babel’s mother was forced to find a new nanny. Able exhibited a similar behavior towards his sister when she asked him if he could grab her a pencil for her homework. Able was instantly irritated at this request and yelled â€Å"Don’t tell me what to do! He then proceeded to rip up her homework and run to his room. According to his mother, destruction of property in such an aggressive manner has been very infrequent in Babel’s behavior. However, his spitefulness resulted in the loss of a nanny and his sister’s increasing emotional sisters that her â€Å"sweet baby brother† has taken on such a resentful attitude towards her (PAP, 2013). Babel’s preschool teacher told his mother that his behavior will no longer be tolerated and recommended that he be assessed. His teacher explains his behaviors in class as â€Å"defiant and disruptive. Almost daily, he actively ignores class rules, such as not talking during reading time, and becomes even more defiant when his violations are addressed by the teacher. His teacher has pa used class multiple times to stop him from distracting either the whole class or individual students. She ports that the most troublesome aspects of Babel’s behavior are the frequency of the disruptions and his responses to being reprimanded. Once, when a classmate went to the teacher after Able ignored her plea that he stop poking her arm, Able became outwardly more motivated to continue poking her relentlessly. When his teacher explained why his behavior is unacceptable, Able accused the classmate that he had been poking of initiating the incident and provoking him by being â€Å"annoying. † Babel’s teacher reports that he has yet to accept blame or responsibility for any of his misdoings and that he is often ostracizes by his peers. Classmates have called him â€Å"annoying† and † a tattle-tale. † Teachers discourage this taunting behavior, but the discrimination has led to further emotional distress within Able which has been exhibited by more frequent moods of frustration and irritability at home (PAP, 2013). Babel’s behavior has been extremely distressing at home and in school over a duration of at least eight months, but has not presented a problem elsewhere thus far. His teacher has felt stress due to her inability to get him to obey rules, a lack of time to address his disruptions, and phone calls from parents whose children claim to have en harassed in some way by Able. His sister has become distraught over his behavior and his mother has been put under enormous pressure to maintain a trustworthy and reliable nanny. Due to the duration of his irritable, defiant, and occasionally vindictive behaviors, which have occurred at home and at school, have had negative consequences in his academic, social, and emotional functioning, and have caused distress for several people in his life, Able has been diagnosed with Oppositional Defiant Disorder of a moderate severity. Babel’s defiant, argumentative, ND vindictive symptoms put him at risk for developing Conduct Disorder, and his increasing emotional distress due to peer issues at school increases his risk of developing an emotional disorder (PAP, 2013). Recent research of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is characterized by the emergence of two themes: developmental precursors to the disorder and the dimension of irritability. The study of precursors to ODD are discussed by Tinfoil and Malta (2013) in their research study which examines the relations between interpretative understanding, moral emotional attribution, and sympathy with the ability to predict ODD symptoms. Burke, Babylon, Rowe, Duke, Steep, Hippies, and Walden (2014) discuss varying dimensionality models of ODD, the identification of irritability by certain symptoms, and the implications of the results for further research on ODD. Tinfoil and Malta (2013) suggest that the limited success of current ODD treatments may be attributed to the lack of empirical research on the disorder’s developmental antecedents. Their research responds to this insufficiency by assessing supposed key components in the genesis of antisocial behaviors: social-cognitive development and moral emotions (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The study analyzes a sample of 128 four- and eight-year-old children with ODD and investigates the links between the symptoms of ODD and interpretative understanding, or theory of mind skills, in children (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The research of Tinfoil and Malta (2013) also analyzes ODD symptoms in relation to sympathy and moral emotion attribution (MEA), and examines the mediating role that each of these may have on each others’ development. The participants of the study include 128 English-speaking children and one caregiver each parent assessments (Tinfoil Malta, 2013). The only exclusion criterion is a hill with autism spectrum disorder, and the ethnicities of the participants vary (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). Symptoms of ODD in the children are rated by caregivers using ADSM-oriented scales, interpretive understanding ratings are obtained by professionals using the Landed and Chandler’s puppet activity, sympathy is measured by caregiver and child self-reports, and MEA is evaluated using each child’s negative or positive responses to the presentation of hypothetical vignettes of varying lapses in morality (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The procedure of the research study involved each child and their caregiver attending one session at the research ABA, the parent providing written consent and the child providing oral agreement, and the child being interviewed for a duration of approximately forty-five minutes by psychology undergraduate students (Tinfoil Malta, 2013). The caregiver for each child filled out the symptom questionnaires outside of the interview room during the process (Tinfoil Malta, 2013). Tinfoil and Malta (2013) find that interpretive understanding, sympathy, and MEA all influence ODD symptoms. Ratings of child sympathy by the caregivers play a mediating role on the effect of interpretive understanding on ODD symptoms, and MEA strength significantly influences interpretative understanding in the domain of rule violation (Tinfoil Malt’, 2013). The research of Tinfoil and Malta (2013) indicates the necessity of further research on social-cognitive and affective-moral factors that could potentially precede ODD and help with early prediction, and highlights a possible origin of the rule-violating behavior so prevalent in Babel’s case as a deficit in MEA. Recent research on ODD also focuses on the importance of irritability and on reaching a consensus regarding which symptoms best identify irritability (Burke et al. , 2014). Burke et al. (2014) introduces the study by explaining how existing data purports that symptoms of ODD represent a unidirectional assembly and are distinct from those of other disorders. Recently, studies have found conflicting evidence regarding the dimensions ODD symptoms are categorized by, which questions the reliability of assessment using the existing ODD model (Burke et al. 2014). Also, inconsistencies exist concerning which symptoms of ODD comprise which dimensions (Burke et al. , 2014). Burke et al. (2014) suggests that a factor model of the disorder may help solve these conflicts surrounding the concept of diagnostic irritability. The study tests single and multi- dimensional models of ODD including factor and competing models, analyzes various elements of measurement within symptoms, and aims to identif y the extent to which specific dimensions relate to each other and general ODD symptoms (Burke et al. 2014). The study also attempts to determine if there is a distinguishing dimension of irritability within ODD, if one model of ODD is superior to all other models, and if there is an additional general dimension of ODD (Burke et al. , 2014). ODD symptom data of five community samples of five- to eighteen-year-old boys and arils is evaluated by Burke et. Al (2014) using assorted measurement scales and care- giver reports. Methods of assessing symptom presence, frequency, and severity are the Revised Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, Parent Version, Child Symptom Inventory-4, Child and Adolescent Psychopathology Scale, Developmental and Well-Being Assessment, and Emory Diagnostic Rating Scale (Burke et al. , 2014). The data is analyzed using five models of ODD dimensionality and two models of irritability, which identify irritability as either touchy, angry, and spiteful, or touchy, angry, and frequent loss of temper (Burke et al. 2014). Burke el al. (2014) concludes that the best model for symptoms of ODD is a general factor model in which irritability and oppositional behavior factors exist alongside a general ODD factor, and in which irritability and oppositional behaviors significantly correlate with each other (Burke et al. , 2014). This model is consistently better across multiple samples and is made up of eight general ODD items, each correlated with either an irritability or an opposi tional behavioral dimension (Burke et. Al, 2014). The irritability mission includes temper, touchiness, and anger; the oppositional behavior dimension includes argumentativeness, defiance, annoyance, balefulness, and spitefulness (Burke et. Al, 2014). Burke et. Al (2014) also finds that irritability is most accurately characterized by touchiness, anger, and temper loss. The implications of the results are the emergence of strong evidence for a multidimensionality within ODD, and support for an identification of irritability characterized by loss of temper, touchiness, and anger (Burke et al. , 2014). Although the research is unable to answer attention questions regarding the existence of a third dimension, the initial questions are addressed concerning the underlying structure of symptom dimensions and provide evidence for a superior set of characteristics of irritability (Burke et al. , 2014). Lastly, Burke et al. (2014) addresses that possible limitations in the study were due to the variability of the questionnaires, the variability of the scaling systems, and the different research structure for boys and girls in the samples. References American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Section II: Disruptive, impulse-control, and induct disorders. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th De. ). New York: PAP Press. Burke, J. D. , Babylon, K. , Rowe, R. , Duke, E. , Steep, S. D. , Hippies, A. E. , Walden, l. D. (2014). Identifying the irritability dimension of ODD: Application of a modified factor model across five large community samples of children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1-11. Tinfoil, M. Malt’, T. (2013). Interpretive understanding, sympathy, and moral emotion attribution in oppositional defiant disorder symptomatically. Child Psychiatry Human Development, 44, 633-645. How to cite Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Papers

Domestic Violence Among Abused Women in Australia-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theDomestic Violence Among Abused Women in Australia. Answer: Introduction The domestic violence is a major health issue in the Australian population. The family and domestic violence occur across socioeconomic and demographic groups and in all ages however it mainly affects the children and women. The women at high risk of experiencing domestic violence include the young, pregnant and indigenous women. Furthermore, the women with disabilities or those experiencing financial hardships are at most risk. This study is therefore conducted to with the aim of highlighting various viewpoints of women experiencing domestic violence in their abusive relationship. Literature The domestic violence refers to violence that takes place between two people in intimate relationship in a domestic setting. The violence against women is on rise in Australia and has huge economic and social impacts to both individual and the society (Mears, 2003). The encouraging part is that the social problem can be prevented. However, in order to institute efficient measures to prevent violence against women, there is need to understand the social problem. There is numerous gender based violence that cause sexual, psychological and physical harm to women. The violence against women has profound effect on their health and contribute to deaths, illness and disabilities in women (Garcia-Moreno Watts, 2011). It is also reported that domestic violence against women is one of the largest contributing factor homelessness for women around the world (Sokoloff Dupont, 2005). The combined cost associated with violence against women in Australia is more than $21 billion a year (Cobiac et al., 2009). The children who see their mother experience violence are likely to be harmed. The behavioral, social and emotional development of the child is negatively affected. The report by Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) further indicate that women are likely to experience more violence in previous partner compared to current partner. It has been suggested that broader attitudes towards women need to be changed in order to address this social problem. The stigma associated with issue prevent women from reporting to relevant authorities. ABS statistics further indicate that women preferred reporting violence only after separation. 92% of women in relationship were experiencing violence (Loxton, Schofield Hussain, 2006). The violence against women is on rise in Australia. Very few cases are reported in the media yet the problem continues in the families thus little attention has been given to the issue by the general public. The recent reports indicate that women have the highest violence by partner (17%) compared to males (6%) (Loxton, Schofield Hussain, 2006). In 2016 alone, over 1.6 million women reported domestic violence. The domestic violence is therefore a major issue that need to be addressed in conjunction with other cases such as child abuse and rape. Though there have been many measures put in place to combat the issue, surprisingly domestic violence directed against women still remain high among other social problems (Hegarty, Hindmarsh Gilles, 2000). There are Acts put in place, however there is need to investigate loopholes in the legal system that has resulted in failure of the Act to protect the victims. Though domestic violence has been reported as main social problem, there is luc k of studies indicating efficacy of approaches put in place to fight violence. Furthermore, the causes and consequences of domestic violence against women in Australian context is still under-researched. Research questions How does the domestic violence impact the life of the abused women? This question will help in exploring various consequences of domestic violence in Australia that is experienced by abused women. This question will further help in assessing the influence of culture and religion in womens perception of abuse. The impacts of domestic violence of womens emotional being in relation to social, psychological and physical dimension will be answered by this question. What barriers prevent women from disclosing abuse and seeking help outside? The domestic violence against women are largely under-reported in Australia. This question will reveal underlying reasons why women prefer not to report abuse they have experienced. Previous studies conducted in Africa indicated that victims hide the problem in order to avoid shame and the belief in privacy of the family (Kim et al., 2007) What are the needs of abused women in order to provide support? This will help in identifying needs and support to be offered by social service providers thus help in informing better serve the abused women in future. Methodological framework This study will adopt explorative and descriptive approach. Explorative study is believed to be best when dealing with issued whose information is little known (Auramo, Kauremaa Tanskanen, 2005). This is in view that that domestic violence against women in Australia is under-researched. The explorative approach using qualitative research methodology will therefore suit the current study. The qualitative approach that is adopted for this research is the use of semi-structured interview with the victims. Methods Due to sensitivity of the matter, the participant will be recruited through non-probability sampling technique where purposive sample type will be employed. This would be achieved by approaching the organizations that work with the abused women. The ethical approval will be obtained from the university and the government agency. After ethical approval 20 respondent will be identified and qualitative interview conducted with respondents for 30 minutes each. The face-t-face interviews confined to themes of study will helped in understanding experiences of abused women. The qualitative analysis will be adopted where thematic approach will be used to describe impact of violence on women, barriers to reporting the issue and needs and support for helping abused women. References Auramo, J., Kauremaa, J., Tanskanen, K. (2005). Benefits of IT in supply chain management: an explorative study of progressive companies.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,35(2), 82-100. Cobiac, L., Vos, T., Doran, C., Wallace, A. (2009). Cost?effectiveness of interventions to prevent alcohol?related disease and injury in Australia.Addiction,104(10), 1646-1655. Garcia-Moreno, C., Watts, C. (2011). Violence against women: an urgent public health priority.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,89(1), 2-2. Hegarty, K., Hindmarsh, E. D., Gilles, M. T. (2000). Domestic violence in Australia: definition, prevalence and nature of presentation in clinical practice.The Medical Journal of Australia,173(7), 363-367. Kim, J. C., Watts, C. H., Hargreaves, J. R., Ndhlovu, L. X., Phetla, G., Morison, L. A., ... Pronyk, P. (2007). Understanding the impact of a microfinance-based intervention on womens empowerment and the reduction of intimate partner violence in South Africa.American journal of public health,97(10), 1794-1802. Loxton, D., Schofield, M., Hussain, R. (2006). Psychological health in midlife among women who have ever lived with a violent partner or spouse.Journal of interpersonal violence,21(8), 1092-1107. Mears, J. (2003). Survival is not enough: Violence against older women in Australia.Violence against women,9(12), 1478-1489. Sokoloff, N. J., Dupont, I. (2005). Domestic violence at the intersections of race, class, and gender: Challenges and contributions to understanding violence against marginalized women in diverse communities.Violence against women,11(1), 38-64.

Parenting styles roles in children’s behavior an Example of the Topic All Posts by

Parenting styles roles in children’s behavior Parents and children have their own roles to play in nature's life cycle. Parenting is a complex activity that works on molding child behavior in child rearing to try to influence child development and discipline in widely favorable child outcomes. Parenting styles contributes to a child's well-being in issues of academic performance, psychosocial development, reinforcing self confidence and attitude towards life challenges. Parenting is nature's strategy to maintain unity within the family radiating its effect to the society or community where it belongs. Need essay sample on "Parenting styles roles in childrens behavior" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Parents do have their own social skills and temperaments that either approve or critically reject a child's favorable or unfavorable attitude and peer socialization preferences. Therapists are beginning to acknowledge the importance of understanding young people's experience on parenting to perceive parent-adolescent communication quality and how they feel towards their parents. The relationship indicates, as a product of witnessing, what young people think and feel about family life. Furthermore, this provides clearer evaluation of the quality of parent-child relationship, family expressiveness, family environment and child rearing behavior. Children's feelings and evaluations of parenting are scarce and do not indicate openness on preferred parenting style in their different stages of growth. This paper aims to review the relationship among parenting practices and adolescence values and school achievement. This serves to research on the reasons associated with the consequence of the decline of parental involvement in adolescence. This paper argues on laxity of parenting styles on adolescence and claims that this is the stage where parental guidance and strict discipline are needed to guide young people in their decision making processes and support in identification of life priorities. Every parent develops and assumes his ideal parenting style based from what he had witnessed on his childhood and what he had observed to be effective in his current social environment. At first stage level of age 1 - 4 years, authoritarian parenting style is deem appropriate. Parents are highly demanding, directive, and never responsive always expecting their orders to be obeyed without explanations. Clearly stated rules and restrictions provide the foundation of a well structured family directive. The child at this stage learns obedience and slowly acknowledges authority. The child relies on what his parents tells him to do and is progressively experimenting on some forms of behavior. Most of the time the parents automatically refrains the child from doing any behavior that is not acceptable. The parents become the first teachers of the child. Everything that a parent teaches or restricts is being retained in the child's memory which affects his behavior in the next stage. The dimension of psychological control places high demands on their child's psychological and emotional development. The parents' low level of sensitivity does not encourage children to object nor disagree with decisions and house rules. The second state level of age 5 13 years, authoritative parenting style is seen to be appropriate. It is at this stage that authoritative parents direct children in a rational, issue-oriented manner never missing to explain the reason behind implemented house rules. The children's individuality was recognized and they were encouraged to justify actions whether good or bad, practical or not, to develop a kind of verbal exchange as a start to developing an open communication relationship. At this stage the child learns to know the difference between appropriate and inappropriate behavior. Parents encourage the child's self-reliance by allowing children to learn from their mistakes and to proceed independently when fairing well. They tend to support just to show or set an example when the task is difficult. They also set a distance to observe and evaluate results when children are succeeding on their own to promote independence and self confidence. Individuals vary in preconceived meanings attached to their behavior. The perception of a behavior's definition were completely assume from the consistency of discipline through reinforcement of positive behaviors by clapping hands or simply praising the child when they succeed on something relevant to learning. Parents love their children regardless of their parenting style. Their context of love revolves around discipline, formation of individual moral and social values, and maintaining the balance between showing love and setting limits. Parents and caregivers showed instrumental competence in their child's outcomes. Specific parenting behavior of spanking or yelling when a child becomes hyperactive results to the child becoming socially impatient as a consequence to adaptation of the enforced rule. This is seen to be effective if combined with the strategy of positive reinforcers. A child shall know his faults and the intensity of the negative behavior based from the kind of reward or punishment he receives. Positive reinforcers display the construct of parenting style as an attempt to control and socialize their children. This early stage aims to influence, teach, and control their children in their formative years. Authoritative parents set limits are firm but filled with kindness, warmth, and love. They enforced discipline moderately and rely on natural consequences for children to learn from making future mistakes. At the third stage age 13-18 years, the applicable parenting style is the combination of authoritative and permissive parenting style. The best adjusted children comes from parents of moderate parenting styles where parents shows clear balance on emotional responsiveness and respect for their child's autonomy. This allows the child to display freedom of expression towards acceptance of parental judgments so he may develop some sense of independence. Parents make moderate demands where children learn to control impulses as they develop their maturity and sense of responsibility. Adolescence take their cues from their parents when it comes to dealing with emotions especially depression. Parents' attitude on emotions shapes the way children handle their own feelings. Emotions may not be easy but is oftentimes predictable. To best nurture a child's emotional development means valuing and sharing the feelings of his experiences to enable him to view emotion as a natural part of life. In this process the child learns how to handle his emotions well. The parent may coach the kid how to verbally label emotions, emphatically validating the child's feelings, and setting limits while helping the child strategically handle attitude and flexibility. The parenting style combination allows the child to make their own choices but with close parental guidance and monitoring to make sure they follow rules and expectations. The child in return feels safe, loved, and acceptance. The child tends to conquer difficulties in life using his own inner strength. Seeing the world as safe and friendly, he is not afraid to try and fail life's challenges but finds satisfaction in personal achievement and contributions. Close analysis of the different stages of parenting style shows that higher academic achievement is seen with lower parental authoritarianism (Lam et al 1998). The democratic style creates more cooperation and teaches responsibility while enriching relationships and parent-child bonding or intimacy. Reinforcers may be a good form of motivation for the child to excel or manage his task on his own but has to be set in limits and selected levels of accomplishment or success. Otherwise the child may learn to expect corresponding reward system for every good deed done which may promote discrimination of favors done solely out of initiative and kindness taking nothing in return. This might affect pricing volunteer work functions assessments or suddenly affecting parenting style as nonworking because of poor retribution. The essence of the parenting styles is slowly influencing the child to the appropriate behavior and values as a result of integration of religion, beliefs, the benefits of parents learned behavior and experiences, social and environmental factors. It is a kind of picking up approved attitude and behavior from an array of selection. The child's adaptation to these values is often based on the kind of parenting style and supplemental education and information he learned from his parents. The consequences of an overly strict authoritarian parenting style extending until adolescence may result to an unhappy childhood and submissive attitude of children that may not know how to handle peer pressure. There is a very big tendency for the child to be silent but rebellious and not expressing his ideas and how he feels to his parents. These are the young people that may become substance abusers to defray depressive mood and frustrations. The combination of an authoritative and permissive parenting style is just perfect for young people. It will necessarily set limits and house rules for control but still exerts freedom for them to choose and perform adequate decision making. There is not much laxity in monitoring and control of the child's activities in school and of his peers. The child will develop deep respect for the decision of the parents and tend to perform what the parents favors out of love and because he understands the consequences of his actions and the rationale of the control and the imposed discipline. Young people experiencing the combination parenting style are good leaders and shows high academic performance. They show more confidence in performing their task and are happy and comfortable with the idea of being a constant achiever. This is evident in the way they deal with their peers and how they make adjustments with the attitudes and behavior of their peers. Patience is an art and a thing that have been witnessed in childhood. Flexibility with any patterns of behavior and situation combined with patience is a perfect fit for a child whose family system comes from good communication and intimate relationships (Horbury & Neal 2001). Relationship with your peers determines the kind of relationship one has in his own family structure. Parenting is directly associated with relationships, character, and attitudes. The parenting style of the parents has a lot to do with what becomes of a child. Emotions, sharing responsibilities, strong communication, and high definition of moral values will always shaped up the child's person as a whole and it will relatively show in the way he deals with the world and life's challenges. References Horbury, D. & Neal, J. (2001). The effects of parenting styles and childhood attachmentspatterns on intimate relationships. Journal of Instructional Psychology 28(3), 178. Lam, W. (1998). Parenting styles and academic achievement: A cross-cultural study.Merrill-Palmer, 44(2), 157.

Harvard Acceptance Letter Real and Official

Harvard Acceptance Letter Real and Official SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Each year, Harvard receives nearly 40,000 applicationsfrom high school hopefuls. Only5% of them get a Harvard acceptance letter.For example, in 2015, Harvard College accepted 1,990 applicants from a record 37,307 applications for the Class of 2019. That’s a 5.3% admission rate.Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of applicants get a rejection letter. â€Å"I am very sorry to inform you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ When I was in high school, I was one of the lucky few to apply Early Action and receive an acceptance letter in the mail. This validated years of hard work and made me giddy like I'd never been before for what came after high school.Here’s my complete, official Harvard acceptance letter. Want to learn what it takes to get a Harvard admit letter yourself? Read my How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League guide. I'll take you through the philosophy behind how to become the world-class student that schools like Harvard, Princeton, and Stanford are looking for. You'll learn what it means to develop an application Spike, why being well-rounded is the path to rejection, and how to craft a compelling application yourself. Read this guide now, before it's too late. Here's a scan of the original admissions letter sent to me by the Office of Admissions at Harvard College. (Thanks to my dad for keeping it around). This is for Early Action, though I'd bet the Regular Decision letter looks similar. Even though I was admitted to my other top choice schools (Princeton, MIT, Stanford especially), I ultimately decided to attend Harvard. Unlike Princeton and MIT, it hadleading graduate schools in every discipline (medicine, law, business), which made me believe it had the broadest set of opportunities and the most diverse community. Because of my interest in medicine and science at the time, it also had the broadest, richest research community. At the end of the day, I also felt like I would regret not attending Harvard more than any other school. After this letter, I'll give you tips on what it takes for you to get an acceptance letter like this for yourself. Harvard College Office of Admissions and Financial AidByerly Hall8 Garden StreetCambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Dear Mr. Cheng, I am delighted to inform you that the Committee on Admissions has admitted you to the Class of 2009 under the Early Action program. Please accept my personal congratulations for your outstanding achievements. In recent years, nearly twenty thousand students have applied for the sixteen hundred and fifty places in the freshman class. Faced with many more talented and highly qualified candidates than it has room to admit, the Admissions Committee has taken great care to choose individuals who present extraordinary academic, extracurricular and personal strengths. In making each admission decision, the Committee keeps in mind that the excellence of Harvard College depends most of all on the talent and promise of the people assembled here, particularly our students. In voting to offer you admission, the Committee has demonstrated its firm belief that you can make important contributions during your college years and beyond. By early March, you will receive an invitation to visit Harvard from Friday, April 29, to Sunday, May 1. Our faculty and students have arranged a special welcome for you and we think the experience will be interesting and useful in making your final college choice. Of course, we would also be happy to have you visit at some other time and we hope you will make a special effort to do so if you will be unable to join us in April. Especially if you cannot come to Cambridge during the next several months, please do not hesitate to contact us if we can be of help in any way. You will find our application booklet and our website (admissions.college.harvard.edu/) good sources of information about college life and we will be sending you a course catalog in the spring to help familiarize you with our academic opportunities. We are enclosing a statement about choosing a college that might be helpful. You have until May 1 to respond to our offer. However, we are enclosing with this letter a reply card for your use in case you are able to inform us of your decision before the May 1 reply date. A complete admission packet will be mailed to you in early April. We very much hope that you will decide to attend Harvard, and we look forward to having you join us in September. Yours sincerely, William R. Fitzsimmons Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid (Hope you will join us!) Want to get into Harvard or your personal top choice college? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. OK....Now What? You probably have a reason forlooking at this acceptance letter. Let me try to help you out. If you just received a rejection letter from Harvard, I'm sorry. When admissions officers say it's a really hard decision when it comes down to the wire, they're speaking the truth. The good news is that your future is almost entirely up to you. There are Harvard graduates who end upfloundering in life, and there are graduates from hundreds of other colleges (and people who don't even go to college) who end up accomplishing amazing things. You're in control of your own fate. So if you're disappointed about a Harvard rejection, I hope you pick yourself up and excel from this point forward. Here's a guide on good study habits to excel in academics. If you're in high school (or even earlier) and want to apply to Harvard, I hope this acceptance letter inspires you to want one of your own. Make no mistake, it took a lot of hard work to get to the point where I had a great chance at getting admitted to Harvard and passing their admission requirements. I had to strategize carefully and be ruthless about where I spent my time so I could balance a high GPA, challenging coursework, test scores, and demanding extracurricular activities. To help you out,I've written everything I know about succeeding in high school and college admissions. If you want your own Harvard acceptance letter, these are must-read guides: 1) How to Get Into Harvard and the Ivy League This is my foundational guide to help you understand what top colleges like the Ivy Leagues are looking for. Here you'll learn: what kinds of students are most attractive to Harvard and why why being well-rounded is the kiss of death in top college admissions what a Spike is and why an effective Spike will get you into every college you apply to how you can develop a Spike of your own I'm not saying it's easy, because it's not. But far too many students have the wrong idea about what kinds of students colleges are looking for. In the process, they waste far too much time on things that aren't important and do nothing to increase their chances of admission. Even worse, they end up miserable and constantly stressed. That's why I wrote this guide. Read it and you might totally change your application strategy before it's too late. 2) My Complete Successful Application to Harvard, Including Common App and Supplement To complement my "How to Get Into Harvard" guide, I share my entire college application, page by page, word for word. You'll see the exact application that the admissions committee at Harvard saw, including the Common Application, my transcript, personal essays, letters of recommendation, and Harvard supplement. I also provide commentary on every piece of my application. You'll see what was reallyimportant to get me into Harvard, and other things that weren't. You'll even see mistakes I made in my application. I've never seen anyone else provide this level of detail,so this is a special treat. 3) How to Get a 4.0 GPA and Better Grades Your coursework is one of the most important aspects of your college application. Not only do you need great grades, you need great grades in what Harvard says is "themost demanding college-preparatory program available." Thus it's no surprise that a lot of high school students are stressed out by coursework and the demands of college applications. Do you feel like you're taking too many AP courses and struggling to stay afloat? Consistently, I see that the biggest problems are with mindset, habits, and strategy.I've written a comprehensive guide with my complete set of strategies in how to excel in high school coursework. I take you through three levels of detail, from top-down: Mindset and Psychology: Do you have the confidence to know you can improve with hard work? Overall Planning and Habits: Do you get the most out of every hour? Do you understand what teachers care about, and how to give them what they want? Do you know how to combat procrastination? Individual Class Strategies: How should you be treating English and science classes differently? I learned a lot of these lessons the hard way, throughout high school and college. This is the guide I wish I had before starting high school. Take the time to read it and you might save hundreds of hours of time and get even better grades. 4) How to Get a Perfect SAT Score/ How to Get a Perfect ACT Score In addition to coursework, the other major numbers piece to your application isyour SAT/ACT score. Simply put, this number is so important because it compares you on even ground to every other high school student taking the test. Top schools like Harvard expect you to be in the top 1 percentile of the country. If you're not, you'll cast serious doubt on your academic ability. In my perfect SAT and perfect ACT guides, I share the major strategies that you'll need to get above a 2100 on the SAT and 32 on the ACT. Also, check out my series on getting perfect scores in each of the sections on the SAT/ACT: SAT 800 Series: Reading | Math | Writing- Learn important strategies to excel in each section of the SAT. ACT 36 Series: English | Math | Reading | Science - Learn how to get a perfect 36 on each section of the ACT. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Discuss the role of emotions in marketing and give some practical Essay

Discuss the role of emotions in marketing and give some practical suggestions on how emotions can help sell a product - Essay Example Positioning of a firm generally depends on the perceived image of a firm or a product in the eyes of the customer. The extent of market competition has led the customer to be perceived as the most important stakeholder of a firm or an organization. Marketers and researchers have often used the term consumer buying behaviour to explain the buying behaviour of the customer. They have tried to analyse the factors that have tried to influence it. Consumer buying behaviour can be defined as the psychological process behind the purchase making decision of a customer1. There are various models that try to define the consumer buying behaviour. The Black Box Model is the one that attempts to provide an insight into the factors that are taken into consideration by a customer while making a purchase decision2. The Black Box model of consumer buying behaviour states that the purchase decision of a customer is defined by certain external as well as internal factors. The external factors constitute aspects like economic factors, media, technologies, politics as well as social factors. Social factors are generally believed to be affected by the influence of peers of the customer as well as the demographic demands of that region. Finally the marketing mix also plays a major role in deciding the purchase act of a customer. These factors are analysed by the internal thought process of the customer which is also referred as the ‘Black Box’. This takes into account the emotional factors of a customer3. As stated by the Black Box model, emotions play a major role in the purchase decision of a customer. Recent studies have indicated that often this aspect is being ignored by the marketers who try to influence the customer by using various aspects of the marketing mix. The importance of emotions in consumer buying behaviour is considered to be very important as most of the elements of

Civility does not pay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civility does not pay - Essay Example In terms of specific case examples, the article begins by discussing Christine O’Donnell. O’Donnell is noted as stating that the extension of unemployment benefits is akin to the attacks on Pearl Harbor. After these statements, it’s noted that O’Donnell won the Delaware Primary and received an influx of campaign donations to her website. This last point is highly significant to the article, as the connection between uncivil behavior, political donations, and Internet technology is another prominent argument. In these regards, the article indirectly argues that the ease of access the Internet and websites afford to immediately donate to political campaigns is particularly viable when the politician makes uncivil or sensational statements. Another notable feature of these contentions is that this trend marks a new model of campaigning that has been implemented by both right and left leaning politicians. In terms of left leaning politicians, one prominent exa mple occurred as representative Bernie Sanders launched a long-term filibuster, gaining him the nickname Filibernie. In addition to gaining increased campaign funds, Congressman Sanders witnessed a strong increase in his Twitter and Facebook followers. The contention is established that such uncivil behavior also takes on a variety of forms. While O’Donnell’s rhetoric occurred on Fox News and Sanders in the House of Representatives, Joe Wilson is noted for shouting out ‘You lie’ to the President of the United States during the President’s health care speech; similar to the other politicians, Wilson witnessed a strong increase in campaign funds and political support. The main contention, in these regards, is that it is not so much the type of uncivil rhetoric that is implemented, but the size of the stage that it is implemented on. The final contention is that such rhetoric has a

The Use of Social Media on Small and Medium Hospitality Enterprise Essay

The Use of Social Media on Small and Medium Hospitality Enterprise - Essay Example Moreover, all the bedrooms and other hospitality services of the organizations are highly decorated that would attract the tourists at large. It is also observed that High Beeches is one of such SMTEs, which extensively used the notion of social media in order to generate greater awareness about is respective products and/or services to the worldwide customers. Besides this, the organization has also undertaken the strategy of promoting its products and/or services by selling and distributing through Trip Advisors and others. Contextually, in order to undergo a successful study of the topic with regards to High Beeches B&B as the organization, a literature review is performed through the support of relevant and recent scholarly articles. Furthermore, a case study of the selected SMTE i.e. High Beeches B&B is conducted by using the approach of qualitative methodology with the greater focus on secondary sources. In this regard, for the successful completion of the case study, the current scenario of the SMTE has been comprehensively studied. It also includes the identification of the problems faced by the SMTE relating to the use of social media for promoting its respective products and/or services. Finally, certain effective solutions have also been framed for resolving such problems in the form of providing recommendations and a valid conclusion has been made in the lasts section pertaining to the case study. In this modern era of a competitive business environment and the evolution of pioneering technological advancements with regards to communication, it is often observed that a majority of the corporate houses of this contemporary world use social media networking sites to promote their respective products and/or services. The use of social media for promoting the products is equally applicable for the SMTEs.

The Culture That Defines Germany

The Culture That Defines Germany Talking about the culture in Germany means we have to clarify where culture in general comes from, how it relates to certain regions and how to detect it. There is great complexity associated with culture. Culture is an ever evolving process that may change from generation to generation There are substantial cultural differences within each region. Berlin is one of the most open minded and liberal cities in Europe. Bavaria maintains a cultivation of heritage and traditions Food, Beer and soccer are what come to mind about German culture. Germans have a saying Breakfast like an emperor, lunch like a king, and dine like a beggar Beer greatly ingrained into German culture. Soccer is the most popular sport in the nation. One of the largest national soccer associations in the world. The sport brings the country together in support of the national team. National pride in Germany has been a taboo topic since military defeat in two world wars A race who historically was not second class individuals Germans felt eminence shame and guilt for the heinous crimes the Nazis had committed. In 1990 the fall of the Berlin wall The reunification proved more difficult than expected Cultural assumptions and expectations on both sides Changing mind-set among the German people Slowly the German identity was found, just merely asleep and not died German Identity, Long Dormant, Reasserts Itself. Conclusion: A nation with such a rich history, some of which are the darkest know to mankind. The people of Germany still find a way to reemerge as one of todays great economic leaders. The culture itself has had many transformations in recent history. Post World War II being the most influential with the nation brought to its knees and stare at in shame the atrocities the Nazis had committed. The War spit the nation in two, controlled by two separate super power nations with opposite mind sets. The Nation, decades later reunified. However, the different in social, economics and norm made for a painful reunion. Through all of this, the German people in recent years began to find the nations identity and find pride in their nation while they grow let go of the past. SSG Babb, Christopher D. SFC Ruelas, ADA ALC Class# 033-13 22 October 2012 The Culture that defines Germany Germany is one of Europes most successful and influential nations. A nation famed by its achievements in engineering, it has also catalyzed many of the worlds great composers, poets and philosophers. Germanys vast culture has many influences that shaped it into what it is today. German Culture varies from region to region showing diversity the way its people think. Established for centuries and continues to thrive despite many obstacles. The nation and its people have endured two world wars, a disunion that spit the country into two nation-states and the reunification of East and West Germany. Talking about culture in Germany means one must clarify where culture in general comes from, how it relates to certain regions and how to detect it. It is not only a matter of understanding the multifarious individual aspects but of comprehending how every single character intermeshes and complements with one another until it forms a culture. There is great complexity associated with culture. Hofstede defines culture as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another (Hofstede) One must determine culture is learned and not hereditary. With this being said, there are many aspects that form a culture, everything from the language, religion, cuisine and past historical events to name a few. Culture is an ever evolving process that may differ from generation to generation. As the world changes and new social issues arise, a society will adapt and overcome. By doing so, they will create new norms and the everyday life will then gradually change over time. Germany is a descended of the Latin word Germania. However, the German language name Deutschland derived from Germanic roots meaning people. Germany is located in Central Europe with 9 countries at its borders. It consists of sixteen Bundeslaender also referred to as federal states with Berlin the capital being in the north east region of the country. There are substantial cultural differences within each region. Germans refer to Berlin as a center for politics, media, science and culture. They describe it as a collection of youth and creative minds providing the city with its cosmopolitan atmosphere, allowing Berlin to be one of the most open minded and liberal cities in Europe. On the other side of the scale, located in the southern region of Germany, Bavaria maintains a cultivation of heritage and traditions holding a conservative mind set throughout the region. The older generation expresses the importance of their heritage to the youth by involving them in the traditional events such as the October fest where the sauerkraut eating, beer drinking and lederhosen wearing German cultural stereotypes derives from. Food, beer and soccer are what comes to mind with German culture. The Roman historian Tacitus described the Germans as a warrior nation, hard-drinking, honest and hospitable. He spoke of German cuisine as simple but hearty (Tacitus), this still holds true today. Bread alone has over 600 different types, while there are over 1500 types of sausage. Sausage making has a long tradition, having more than 100 different regional variants. Germans have a saying Breakfast like an emperor, lunch like a king, and dine like a beggar (1) meaning that they typically eat a large breakfast consisting of breads, cheese, cold cuts and jams. Lunch would be traditionally the only warm meal in the day. This normally contains of meats, potatoes, salads and soups. This may vary in different regions. Finally, dinner is mostly light with rolls, cheeses and salads served with a beer or wine. Beer is ingrained into German culture, so much so that nearly each village, town and city contains multiple breweries with dozens of different types of beer. According to the German Beer Institute, Germany has approximately 1,200 breweries generating more than 5,000 brands of beer, mostly of regional styles. Germans take beer seriously jokingly saying that it is the National beverage. Radeberger Gruppe displays the importance of beer by saying beer is the peoples mood barometer and their anchor. It is consumed with extreme passion.(Radeberger) Germans drink beer more as a social event rather than to get intoxicated. Groups throughout the community may come together a few times a week to enjoy each others company with a couple of beers. Many time just to talk about normal casual day to day events. Along with the evening beers, Germans converse about sports. They follow most common sports but there is no other cherished more than soccer. Soccer is the most popular sport in the nation. The Deutscher Fussball Bund is one of the largest national soccer associations in the world with more 25,000 registered soccer clubs and approximately 6.8 million members. The league has more than 2,500 divisions in a pyramid system. The high number of participates demonstrates the significant influence the sport has on the culture. Not only are Germans loyal to their regional teams, the sport brings the country together in support of the national team. Events such as the Euro Cup and the World Cup bind the people as one with their flag. They organize and follow the team to such events no matter the distance, wearing their national colors with pride. Germans raise their flags and sing the national anthem in the one occasion they feel allowed to show pride in their country, as the people of Germany remain hunted by past historical event. National pride in Germany has been a taboo topic since military defeat in two world wars and the unraveling of their society, with the vast majority of Germans accepting that they cannot express any form of patriotism. Post World War II saw the use of national symbols being subdued to the point where it would be difficult to find a store that one could buy a German Flag. It was a damaging defeat with catastrophic effects on the German psyche. A race who historically was not second class individuals, Ebey Soman states in a web article, German men have had profound impact on the world. From religious reformers such as Martin Luther to notables such as Beethoven, Nietzsche, Max Born and Werner Von Braun, German men made immense contributions to every field.(Soman) However, their defeat in World War II emasculated them. They emerged feeble and worn from the war. Germans felt eminence shame and guilt for the heinous crimes the Nazis had committed. That guilt, and fear of what would happen if patriotism is taken too far, molded the modern German understanding of National Pride. In 1990 the fall of the Berlin wall had finally, reunited USSR controlled East Germany with the Republic of West Germany. The unification was rejoiced by thousands of Germans from the east hopeful to enjoy the same freedoms of the western world. However, the reunification proved more difficult than expected. A complex process with social, political and economic issues was not foreseen. This was due to cultural assumptions and expectations on both sides. Many East Germans felt their norms, values and traditions were devalued, as West Germans expected the east to conform to the norms of the west. Laura Heuvinck states in 20 Years of German reunification Ostalgie. Many East Germans felt themselves to be under-represented in the reunified Germany and felt like second-class citizens dismissed by West Germany. (Heuvinck) This still is a significant social issue today 20 years later. Although the physical was brought down, many of the psychological walls still exists between East and West Germans today. The unified nation found its self in economic depression after the fall of the Berlin Wall, with a growth rate of -1.6 from 1992 to 1993 and unemployment at 20% in some regions of the country. Despite these problems, the process of unification slowly moved ahead. In an article by Rod Hall Many see a changing mind-set among the German people. A growing self-confidence and assertiveness is emerging 65 years after World War II and two decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany.(Hall) The newer generation, with no recollection of the horrific atrocities of the Second World War feel as if there have gotten past it. This is evident with a shift in patriotic German flags flown from houses and German music played on the airwaves. Slowly the German identity was found, just merely asleep and not died. The country has now awakened, ready to celebrate its economic ingenuity, its cultural treasures and the unsullied stretches of its history. (Kulish) Stated by Nicholas Kulish in German Identity, Long Dormant, Reasserts Itself. A nation with such a rich history, some of which are the darkest know to mankind. The people of Germany still find a way to reemerge as one of todays great economic leaders. The culture itself has had many transformations in recent history. Post World War II being the most influential with the nation brought to its knees and stare at in shame the atrocities the Nazis had committed. The War spit the nation in two, controlled by two separate super power nations with opposite mind sets. The Nation, decades later reunified. However, the different in social, economic and norm made for a painful reunion. Through all of this, the German people in recent years began to find the nations identity and find pride in their nation while they grow let go of the past.

Essay example --

In the analysis of environmental samples, advances in instrumentation have allowed laboratories to routinely report sample results into the parts per billion (ppb) range, but this is sometimes insufficient to meet project goals. This article will illustrate a technique that can be used to increase the sensitivity of the mass selective detector, and thereby lower the reporting limit of GC/MS methods such as EPA 8260 for VOCs, or EPA 8270 for SVOCs. The technique is called selected ion monitoring, or SIM, and is specific to the operation of the mass selective detector (MSD). Before describing the advantages and disadvantages of the SIM technique, a brief overview of the principles of operation of the MSD is in order. The MSD is a two-part instrument, comprised of a filter stage and a signal processing, or detection stage. Analytes that have been separated on the gas chromatograph (GC) enter the MSD and encounter a beam of electrons that ionize the analyte molecule into reproducible fragments, each having characteristic properties of mass and charge that allow them to be separated in the filter stage of the MSD. At any point in time, only fragments with the allowed mass to charge ratio (m/z) will pass through the filter and are counted in the detector stage of the MSD. In scan mode, the filter operates dynamically, sequentially scanning m/z ions between the upper and lower limits of m/z specified by the analyst. A full-range spectrum of several hundred m/z ions (specified as atomic mass units, or AMU) is typically scanned in this way. The filter cycles through the m/z range at radio frequencies (109 cycles per second), so each ion in the fragmentation pattern is counted billions of times. The sens itivity of the detector is directly ... ... quant ion. The analyst must be aware of this in order to avoid reporting false or inflated values. Another disadvantage is that the analyte list must be drastically reduced from the 50+ analytes typically reported in a GC/MS analysis. In SIM mode, the detector must be programmed to look for a specific m/z ion (the quant ion) at any particular point in time. Each unknown analyte that is separated on the GC and enters the MSD may potentially have a unique quant ion, so detector limitations come into play for any analyte list that has more than 15 to 20 analytes. Finally, the MSD detector operated in SIM mode is not capable of identifying unknowns or tentatively identified compounds (TICs). SIM analysis is a powerful tool, but one that must be used carefully. Please contact your project manager at Kiff Analytical if you would like further information on SIM analysis

How Will Science and Technology Change Our Lives in the Future

EMOTIONS AS BLOCKS OR LESSONS There has always been a question in my mind regarding the use of emotions in attaining enlightenment/self-awareness. It is said that emotions come and go in waves. That often times we try to suppress the negative emotions like anger, lust, greed, jealousy, fear, sadness etc. thereby creating a shadow space in ourselves comprising all the unaccepted parts of ourselves like the negative emotions. If we were to allow these emotions to run their course than they would simply pass through our body without leaving any residues.It is in generating/offering resistance to the emotions that we build the obstacles to the free flow of energy in our body. Given that all emotions are energies of different patterns and wavelengths we only need to give them free passage to enjoy good health and wellbeing. So far, so good. But how does one allow a negative emotion to ride through without being adversely affected by it. Say I am in a situation where I feel intensely angry /lustful/greedy/jealous/fearful/sad, allowing the emotion's wave to flow through I need to remain aware that I am not the emotion. I do not identify with the emotion nor do I deny it.I take responsibility for the emotion acknowledging that it is mine and I can use the energy in the emotion any which way I want. Patterns of emotional expression Of course there are cultural definitions to the expression of emotions as for example we generally weep when we are sad or sit with a long face, shout or bang doors when we are angry or cringe and try to hide when we are afraid etc. patterns of expressing emotions tend to run in families since that is where we get our most intense emotional training. There might also be genetic predispositions to certain styles of expression.But emotions come and go in every one. Perhaps even in the most enlightened beings, except I would imagine that they have reached a stage where they experience a constant flow of different sensations, energy in a pure form . No labels, no names, which is what emotions are, our perceptions of situations including our minutest physical sensations. An example For example I see a person across the road it is the next door neighbor, the one I do not like too much. Already the sensations are beginning to get labeled. I pretend I have not seen her in order to not have to interact with her. I put energy into looking away.There is a tightening of the stomach muscles, a tension in the forehead, all very miniscule, nothing that a passer-by might notice. I barely notice them myself. Yet it is there, the aversion that I practice in order to avoid an unpleasant interaction. The cumulative effect of these unacknowledged sensations all add up to give us the dis-eases that we carry. Hence I maintain that all disease is psycho-somatic. If I see my next door neighbor and allow myself to meet her and learn from the event, recognizing the fact that she has the ability to get my goat, I may perhaps greet her in a civil man ner.Neither expressing a dislike nor feigning a warmth. I might listen to what she has to say, without allowing myself to get hooked into any barbs or taunts she chooses to fling at me, remaining aware of the sensations that arise and pass to the best of my ability. Or perhaps it is a day when I simply do not want to meet her and I cross the street aware of the fact that she might take offense but all the while remaining aware of my motivations and taking responsibility for my actions.So the next time that I encounter her and she questions me about why I crossed the street I can look her in the eye and tell her that it was because I had a heavy day and had not wanted to put any effort into socializing with her, especially since there are many times when I find interacting with her a challenge. responsibility The point is when I take responsibility I ride the wave of the emotion/sensations rather than feeling that I am driven to act in a certain way or compelled to do such and such. In the latter case the choice is always mine, as far as my actions are concerned.I have no control over what she might say or do and I do not attempt to have any control over that. The ever wider circle of responsibility The last statement is a bit gray. I believe that we are eventually completely responsible for our reality. So if my next door neighbor is nasty with me, it is also because I send out some negative vibrations towards her that she un/consciously reacts to. If I meet her with love and compassion in my heart then there is no way that she would fling any taunts or barbs at me. It might be that she serves as a mirror for my insecurities.Perhaps, I am an unmarried woman living with my male partner. In my culture this is still a new thing. I imagine that her negativity is a sign of her lack of acceptance of my sexuality. She may or may not have these issues but as long as I have these insecurities I will find someone or the other (most likely her), who reflects these back a t me as a reminder for me to address these issues in myself and find my peace with them. Whether I see the interactions as lessons or just as unpleasant events that one has to grit one's teeth and bear, is again a matter of my choice, conscious or otherwise.Wow that is a big fat load to carry. So I am responsible not just for my actions, thoughts, feelings and attitudes but also for other people's behavior! Phew that is huge. No wonder most people want to escape into fantasy and make the movies such big business. But the fact remains we cannot forever put our heads in the sand. Some time or the other we will have to acknowledge the truth so might as well start now. And be gentle with ourselves on this journey. It is after all a journey of self-acceptance as much as of self-awareness/understanding. Read more at Buzzle:Â  http://www. buzzle. com/editorials/9-15-2006-108809. asp

20 Signs You Are a College Nerd

20 Signs You Are a College Nerd They say college can change your life and theyre not kidding. You might start college with the same mindset you had in high school but chances are youve done a full 180 (or three) by the time the first semester ends. Weve rounded up the Top 20 signs that your might be going down the path of Geek Chic †¦ or just plain Geek. 1. You set your alarm early for Back to School sales. Some people think the Friday after Thanksgiving is the most important shopping day of the year, but not you. No, you march to the beat of a different drum †¦ one that starts mid August with Back to School sales. Face it, you just cant pass up 10 for $10 deal on boxes of staples, oddly shaped push pins and novelty folders. 2. Texting, IMing or pinging your roommate is the norm. No matter if your roommate is off campus, at the game or just across the room – if you need to talk, you do it by device. 3. Arguments about Star Trek can change the course of your dorm life. If you can name all the movies, have a passionate opinion about best captain and crew or have ever requested to change rooms because your roommate was a â€Å"Picard Man† then youre deep within the College Nerd Quadrant. 4. Star Wars counts, too! Were you standing in line at midnight for the Collectors Edition Blu-Ray Bonus Digital Content release party? We thought so. 5. You skip classes to get a head start on the paper you know your professor will assign. After all, youve already read ahead seven chapters so why not get going on that paper you know will be due in five weeks? 6. You rotate the names for your WiFi. Usually you stick to the names of favorite alien races but sometimes you mix it up with your favorite Star Dates. 7. Everything runs off your PC. Youve set up your computer to control the lights, temperature and playlists so you never have to get up. 8. You have specific playlists for certain classes or projects. You cant crack a chemistry book without cuing up Weird Science and that Feminism paper isnt going to get done until youve made it through Aretha Franklins Greatest Hits. 9. Your friends ask you to audit their class just so they can have your notes. Between the pie charts, keyword breakdown and abstract you provide, what you get out of a lecture is better than the textbook. 10. You have textbook editors in your email address book. Looking for misspellings, outdated information and poorly constructed chapters is your favorite past time. Youre on a first name basis with editors though oddly enough they never thank you for your regular correction notes each semester. 11. You started offering to repair computers as a way to meet people. After a few weeks, however, you realized you preferred the company of the computers. 12. Class numbers can be an issue. Did you want to take Prehistoric Pottery until you found out the course number was even? Or did you only sign up for Modern Dance because that number was odd? College nerds put a lot of stock in lucky numbers. 13. Resolving arguments can be difficult. When you and your roommate or study group have a disagreement its usually resolved by Rock-Paper-Scissors-Lizard-Spock or Evens-Odds-Binary. 14. Your plans for a long weekend tend to be a bit different. While others might be planning for parties, bar crawls and concerts, youre packing your holiday weekend with LARPing, Star Trek RPG and a Harry Potter marathon. 15. If its worth doing, its worth tracking. Youve been following – and charting – your study to grade ratio since the first grade. 16. Your idea of a Care Package is slightly different. Other students may look forward to boxes of photos and cookies, but your family knows to send Anime DVDs and supplies for your next cosplay project. 17. Integration is everything. Youve made it your personal mission to work with every instructor you have to integrate Pinterest, Twitter, DropBox and 4Chan into the curriculum. Youre saving Flipboard, Seesmic and ProPublica for next semester. 18. Semantics are important. Theyre not dolls or action men, theyre collectible figures. Its not a waste of an entire weekend, its an Epic Dungeons and Dragons Campaign. 19. Your College criteria was highly specific. Some students check out concert venues, party spots or sports teams when considering college. You wanted to know how close the libraries were, how many bookstores there were and whether or not there was an active RGP/LARP/MMOG community. 20. Your friends can turn your room into a drinking game. Rules include one shot for every calculator and double shots for pamphlets or promotional materials for Starfleet Academy, Hogwarts and other not-technically-actual schools. If most the listed points above are true, congratulations one more college nerd is among us! To know for sure, you can also take the quiz to find out which type of student you are. Did we miss a giant red flag of college nerdom? Add your own nerd signals in the comments section below.

Acclimate vs. Acclimatise

Acclimate vs. Acclimatise Acclimate vs. Acclimatise Acclimate vs. Acclimatise By Maeve Maddox In my line of work, I’m used to comments that blame American speakers for usage that British speakers find annoying. For example: How is it possible for Americans to create acclimate from acclimatise? The effect on me is far worse than hearing math or off of. I share the commenter’s feelings regarding the redundant and ugly â€Å"off of,† as in â€Å"He fell off of the wagon† but fail to understand why math should bother him. In the case of maths vs math, both are clippings of the â€Å"real† word mathematics. Unlike the ridiculous â€Å"open-mic,† which is presumably intended to be pronounced â€Å"open-mike,† both math and maths conform to English spelling conventions. As for acclimate, the form is not an American creation. The earliest citation of acclimate in the Oxford English Dictionary- from a British printed source- is dated 1792. The earliest OED citation for acclimatize (not acclimatise) is dated 1802. Although acclimate is now labeled â€Å"chiefly US usage,† both forms have a long history in British English. The Ngram Viewer set to â€Å"American English† indicates that acclimatize and acclimate were in about equal use until the 1970s, when acclimate began its rise. Set to â€Å"British English,† the Ngram Viewer shows the two forms in equal use until the period of the American Civil War (1860s), when acclimatize gains ascendancy in British printed books. Set to â€Å"English,† the Viewer shows acclimatize as the dominant form until the 1950s, when it begins to decline. The form acclimate overtakes acclimatize and surpasses it in frequency in the 1980s. Of the spellings acclimatize and acclimatise, the former is more frequent, no matter which Ngram setting- â€Å"English,† â€Å"British English† or â€Å"American English†- is used. The OED entry for the word is not treated like analyze, for example, with British analyse placed first and American analyze second. The only word in red for the entry in the OED is acclimatize. Oxford Dictionaries online acknowledges the s spelling with the note, â€Å"also acclimatise.† The Cambridge online dictionary headword is acclimatize, with a note in parentheses: (UK  usually  acclimatise). A Google search brings up the following results: â€Å"acclimate† 857,000 â€Å"acclimatize† 500,000 â€Å"acclimatise† 424,000 I am not advocating the use of acclimate over acclimatize. Although I am an American speaker, I rather think that acclimatize is the form I would use to talk about something or someone having to become accustomed to new conditions. My intention is simply to point out that this so-called â€Å"Americanism† isn’t one. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterWriting the CenturyOne "L" or Two?

Compare and Contrast Home Depot and Umpqua Bank Essay

Compare and Contrast Home Depot and Umpqua Bank - Essay Example Different companies have different cultures, which will be discussed here in the light of the Hofstede’s dimensions. Masculinity When both managers of home depot and Umpqua bank took office, their first initiative was to change organizational cultures so as to make the companies more competitive. This was a common goal and therefore each of the company took an initiative to ensure that its culture is transformed. Both companies gave the mandate to different individuals who are males thereby indicating the gender biasness in the two banks. Home depot hired Dennis Donovan while Umpqua hired David from Ziba to research and therefore come up with a solution. Low Uncertainty Avoidance Both of the company embarked on an environmental creation mission because they are change oriented and are ready to take risks. Umpqua ensured that it cleaned all its surrounding as this had a bad image on the company. It also refurbished its structures to ensure that the image of the company changes completely and becomes more user friendly to all customers (Freeze n.d). They did this by changing the structures to become open door one so that each customer can feel free to get in. This is because offices that are regarded as of higher standards keep off lower ranked employees and even customers who refer them as out of their reach. On the other hand, home depot structures such as low light in its orange store houses gave it a new look. Others included cluttered aisles and sparse signage (Charan, 2006). These changes in structures, which are part of organizational culture, saw great improvement in the performance of both companies. There was a major difference on how both companies implemented their policies of changing the organizational structure. Umpqua set aside a budget while home depot company just implemented the policy silently without interrupting the companies program. This played a major role in ensuring that the performance of the company is maintained even in the pe riod of transformation. Low Power Distance Language and relationship between the company officials is another important aspect that both companies undertook. Relation between the members especially the attitude in communicating plays a major role in ensuring that organization work together in achieving the set goals and objectives. Home depot ensured that it installs a good discipline among all members of the organization and all those who were not ready to comply with the new condition were swept out of the company (Charan, 2006). This showed how this aspect of culture was important to the whole performance of the company. Home depot applied an important tactic to ensure that cultural change does not get much resistance from the employees. This was through making the employees understand the benefits that the company will accrue from the change. It did this by holding various meetings with all stakeholders while the project was made clear to all people. On the other hand Umpqua cha nged its philosophies of which the employees came to uphold. It also did this by changing the features of its brand which signaled a new change in the company which was welcomed by the employees (Edger, 2010). Both companies ensured that they install a positive belief on their employees and workers. This gave both companies an upper hand as it changed the mindset of the customers towards the companies’

Cigarette warning labels Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cigarette warning labels - Essay Example Currently, the habit is practiced by men and women, even one as young as two years old in China. (Two) In 1898, the Tennessee Supreme Court maintains a total ban on cigarettes, saying that its use is toxic to one’s health. In 1965, after the Surgeon General of the United States reported about the dangers of cigarette smoking, the U.S. Congress passed the Cigarette Labelling and Advertising Act which stated that every cigarette pack must have a warning label claiming â€Å"Cigarettes may be hazardous to your health.† (History) Later on, Congress ordered companies to change their warning labels every three months and created four different labels to be used. These steps, however, did little to discourage the public from smoking. With the new cigarette health warning labels, consumers will not only be reading words that, as history has shown, have been easily ignored. The new labels are very visual. They would easily catch the attention of the consumers. Moreover, the pictures are extremely explicit in showing the dangers of smoking that would-be smokers may have second thoughts. The habit of smoking is too extensive and common to be stopped instantaneously and forcing smokers to stop infringes on their human rights. The new cigarette health warning labels are by far the best approach to making people realize smoking is hazardous and should be